Real-Time Hard Negative Sampling via LLM-based Clustering for Large-Scale Two-Tower Retrieval

arXiv:2607.00448v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The two-tower model has been widely used for large-scale recommendation systems, particularly in the retrieval stage. Industry standards for training two-tower models typically involve in-batch and/or out-of-batch negative sampling. However, these methods often produce easy negatives that models can quickly learn, failing to sufficiently challenge the model. To address this issue, a novel self-supervised hard negative sampling technique is proposed that leverages a large language model (LLM) to generate hard negatives from the same cluster duri

Source: arXiv cs.AI — read the full report at the original publisher.

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