arXiv:2605.23175v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Proprietary large language models (LLMs) face risks of intellectual property (IP) violation, as adversaries can replicate an LLM by collecting input-output pairs to train a surrogate model, causing financial setbacks. Watermarks offer a promising defense to verify ownership, but existing methods often struggle with semantic distortion, factual inconsistency, and adversarial attacks. In addition, key-conditioned watermarks for provider-specific detection, especially in cross-provider and multi-user scenarios, remain largely underexplored. To add
Source: arXiv cs.CL — read the full report at the original publisher.
