SIGNALAI·Jun 3, 2026, 4:00 AMSignal75Medium term

A Scoping Review of the Ethical Perspectives on Anthropomorphising Large Language Model-Based Conversational Agents

Source: arXiv cs.AI

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A Scoping Review of the Ethical Perspectives on Anthropomorphising Large Language Model-Based Conversational Agents

arXiv:2601.09869v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Anthropomorphisation -- the phenomenon whereby non-human entities are ascribed human-like qualities -- has become increasingly salient with the rise of large language model (LLM)-based conversational agents (CAs). Unlike earlier chatbots, LLM-based CAs routinely generate interactional and linguistic cues, such as first-person self-reference, epistemic and affective expressions that empirical work shows can increase engagement. On the other hand, anthropomorphisation raises ethical concerns, including deception, overreliance, and exploitative

Why this matters
Why now

The proliferation of sophisticated LLM-based conversational agents makes the ethical implications of anthropomorphisation an increasingly pressing research and societal concern.

Why it’s important

Understanding the ethical dimensions of AI anthropomorphism is crucial for guiding responsible AI development, mitigating potential harms, and shaping public perception and trust in advanced AI systems.

What changes

The focus is shifting towards formalizing the ethical risks associated with AI anthropomorphism, moving beyond mere technological capability to address societal and psychological impacts.

Winners
  • · AI ethicists
  • · Regulatory bodies
  • · Responsible AI developers
Losers
  • · Developers prioritizing engagement over ethics
  • · Users susceptible to manipulation
  • · Platforms lacking ethical guidelines
Second-order effects
Direct

Increased scrutiny and debate around the human-like qualities of AI systems and their design.

Second

Development of industry standards or regulations specifically addressing AI anthropomorphism and user deception.

Third

Shifts in consumer expectations and perceptions of AI trustworthiness, potentially leading to 'de-anthropomorphisation' design principles.

Editorial confidence: 90 / 100 · Structural impact: 60 / 100
Original report

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