arXiv:2606.19388v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent advances in mobile agents are dominated by the GUI paradigm, in which agents perceive UI information and emit screen interactions. However, mobile platforms also expose a command-line interface (CLI) that provides direct access to device services and data. We argue CLI deserves first-class consideration alongside GUI. We evaluate three coding agents (Claude Code, Terminus-2, mini-swe-agent) across four model APIs on AndroidWorld and MobileWorld without any mobile-specific post-training, comparing against three reproducible GUI baselines
The proliferation of advanced mobile agents and the recognition of limitations in the GUI-centric paradigm are driving exploration into alternative interaction methods like CLI.
This research suggests a more robust and direct way for AI agents to interact with mobile platforms, potentially unlocking deeper automation capabilities beyond surface-level UI perception.
The focus for mobile agent development may broaden to include CLI-based interactions alongside or instead of GUI, offering higher fidelity and efficiency.
- · AI agent developers
- · Mobile OS providers (Android)
- · Enterprises seeking automation
- · Legacy GUI automation tools
- · Developers solely focused on screen-scraping techniques
Mobile AI agents could perform more complex and integrated tasks on devices without relying on visual recognition.
This shift might lead to new security considerations as agents gain direct access to device services.
The enhanced capabilities of mobile agents could accelerate the development of truly autonomous personal assistants operating directly on user devices.
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Read at arXiv cs.CL