arXiv:2603.28553v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Instructional alignment, the match between intended cognition and enacted activity, is central to effective instruction but hard to operationalize at scale. We examine alignment in cybersecurity simulations using multimodal traces from 23 teams (76 students) across five exercise sessions. Study 1 codes objectives and team emails with Bloom's taxonomy and models the completion of key exercise tasks with generalized linear mixed models. Alignment, defined as the discrepancy between required and enacted Bloom levels, predicts success, wher
The increasing sophistication of cyber threats and the adoption of AI in cybersecurity necessitate more effective training and preparedness, making this research timely.
Improving cybersecurity crisis preparation directly impacts national security and industrial resilience by enhancing the effectiveness of human operators in complex, AI-assisted environments.
The identification of 'instructional alignment' as a predictor of success offers a measurable input for optimizing cybersecurity training programs, moving beyond ad-hoc methods.
- · Cybersecurity training providers
- · National security agencies
- · Critical infrastructure operators
- · AI-powered training tool developers
- · Organizations with outdated training methodologies
- · Adversarial nation-states (potential)
Cyber training programs will increasingly integrate multimodal analytics and focus on instructional alignment for improved outcomes.
Better trained cybersecurity teams will reduce the frequency and impact of cyberattacks on critical systems.
The development of AI agents capable of training and evaluating human performance in cybersecurity simulations will accelerate.
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