SIGNALAI·Jun 2, 2026, 4:00 AMSignal75Medium term

ToMAP: Training Opponent-Aware LLM Persuaders with Theory of Mind

Source: arXiv cs.CL

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ToMAP: Training Opponent-Aware LLM Persuaders with Theory of Mind

arXiv:2505.22961v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising potential in persuasion, but existing works on training LLM persuaders are still preliminary. Notably, while humans are skilled in modeling their opponent's thoughts and opinions proactively and dynamically, current LLMs struggle with such Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning, resulting in limited diversity and opponent awareness. To address this limitation, we introduce Theory of Mind Augmented Persuader (ToMAP), a novel approach for building more flexible persuader agents by incorporating two theo

Why this matters
Why now

The proliferation of LLMs creates a pressing need to enhance their sophisticated interaction capabilities, especially in complex tasks like persuasion, driving research into advanced reasoning like Theory of Mind.

Why it’s important

Improving LLM persuasion through Theory of Mind makes AI agents significantly more versatile and effective in dynamic human-like interactions, impacting areas from customer service to strategic negotiation.

What changes

LLMs can now be trained to anticipate and model the thoughts and opinions of their interlocutors, leading to more adaptive and diverse persuasive strategies rather than static responses.

Winners
  • · AI developers
  • · Businesses using AI for customer interaction
  • · Researchers in cognitive AI
Losers
  • · LLMs without advanced reasoning capabilities
  • · Static AI interaction models
Second-order effects
Direct

LLMs become more effective in roles requiring negotiation and influence, potentially streamlining many white-collar workflows.

Second

The development accelerates the deployment of sophisticated AI agents across various sectors, increasing efficiency and potentially displacing more routine human tasks.

Third

Enhanced AI persuasion capabilities could raise ethical concerns about manipulation and the transparency of AI intent in human-AI interactions.

Editorial confidence: 90 / 100 · Structural impact: 60 / 100
Original report

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Read at arXiv cs.CL
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